[Paper] ArogyaSutra: A Multi-Agent Framework for Multimodal Medical Reasoning in Indic Languages
Source: arXiv - 2606.13572v1
Overview
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning capabilities in general domains, yet their performance remains limited in specialized settings such as healthcare, especially in multilingual and low-resource scenarios. This gap is critical in regions like rural India, where patients often express complex medical queries in native Indic languages and rely on multimodal inputs such as medical images. Existing English-centric MLLMs struggle to support such use cases, limiting equitable access to AI-driven healthcare assistance. To address this challenge, we introduce ArogyaBodha, a large-scale multilingual multimodal medical question-answer dataset constructed from eight heterogeneous sources, covering 31 body systems, six imaging modalities, and 21 clinical domains across English and seven major Indian languages. We further propose ArogyaSutra, an actor-critic-based multi-agent framework that integrates tool grounding with dual-memory mechanisms for step-wise, reasoning-aware decision making, and uses stored actor-critic simulation trajectories for distillation. Experiments show that our dataset and framework improve multilingual medical reasoning accuracy across all Indic languages, with ablations validating the contribution of each component. The source code and dataset are available at: https://iitp-cse.github.io/ ArogyaSutra/
Key Contributions
This paper presents research in the following areas:
- cs.CL
- cs.AI
Methodology
Please refer to the full paper for detailed methodology.
Practical Implications
This research contributes to the advancement of cs.CL.
Authors
- Tanmoy Kanti Halder
- Akash Ghosh
- Subhadip Baidya
- Arijit Roy
- Sriparna Saha
Paper Information
- arXiv ID: 2606.13572v1
- Categories: cs.CL, cs.AI
- Published: June 11, 2026
- PDF: Download PDF