[Paper] Do Transformers Actually Help Intrusion Detection? A Temporal Sequence Evaluation on CIC-IDS2017

Source: arXiv - 2606.11098v1

Overview

Recent deep learning approaches for network intrusion detection increasingly incorporate temporal architectures such as recurrent networks and Transformers, often reporting near-perfect performance on CIC-IDS2017. However, many existing studies neither supply their temporal modules with genuine sequence inputs nor evaluate under realistic, leakage-free conditions, making it unclear whether reported gains arise from true sequence-modeling capability. In this work, we reformulate CIC-IDS2017 as a temporal intrusion-detection task by constructing ordered flow sequences from network conversations and benchmarking nine classical and deep learning architectures under a random split, two leakage-free splits, and a padding-scheme ablation. The central finding is that padding convention, not architecture, determines the Transformer’s performance: on genuinely sequential (non-padded) windows the Transformer achieves the highest macro-F1 of any model in the experiment (0.89); under zero-pad+mask evaluation it drops markedly (-0.24 macro-F1), while LSTM, GRU, and 1D-CNN remain stable. Under leakage-free group evaluation the Random Forest is the most robust model (+0.009), while the Transformer’s false-alarm rate grows from 0.04% to 2.7%, a 67-fold increase invisible under conventional protocols. These findings demonstrate that evaluation methodology — specifically padding convention and split protocol — has a larger effect on reported performance than architectural choice, and that widely used random splits with repeat-last padding can overestimate model robustness by up to 0.24 macro-F1. We advocate leakage-free splits, explicit padding disclosure, and sequence-aware benchmarking as standard practice in future IDS research. Code and implementation details are available at https://github.com/zachmocz/temporal-ids-bench.

Key Contributions

This paper presents research in the following areas:

• cs.CR
• cs.LG

Methodology

Please refer to the full paper for detailed methodology.

Practical Implications

This research contributes to the advancement of cs.CR.

Authors

• Zach Moczkodan
• Hany Ragab

Paper Information

• arXiv ID: 2606.11098v1
• Categories: cs.CR, cs.LG
• Published: June 9, 2026
• PDF: Download PDF