部署智能合约的简易步骤

Source: Dev.to

工具与软件

• VS Code / Cursor
• NodeJS (22.10.0 或更高的 LTS 版本)

账户

• Alchemy
• MetaMask

前置条件

node --version
npx --version

概览

.
├── artifacts
│   ├── artifacts.d.ts
│   ├── build-info
│   │   ├── solc-0_8_28-5d5e77a08f43f8366c520176a292b83d65132357.json
│   │   └── solc-0_8_28-5d5e77a08f43f8366c520176a292b83d65132357.output.json
│   └── contracts
│       └── Counter.sol
│           ├── artifacts.d.ts
│           └── Counter.json
├── cache
│   ├── build-info
│   ├── compile-cache.json
│   └── test-artifacts
│       ├── build-info
│       │   ├── solc-0_8_28-58a47ee13fa4eb204cf4c42c730b3f2707de3d94.json
│       │   └── solc-0_8_28-58a47ee13fa4eb204cf4c42c730b3f2707de3d94.output.json
│       └── contracts
│           └── Counter.t.sol
│               └── CounterTest.json
├── contracts
│   ├── Counter.sol
│   └── Counter.t.sol
├── coverage
│   ├── data
│   │   └── solidity
│   │       └── a23a0f3b-7ab8-4f87-8e19-8279db5ae7a4.json
│   └── lcov.info
├── hardhat.config.ts
├── ignition
│   ├── deployments
│   │   ├── chain-1
│   │   │   ├── artifacts
│   │   │   │   └── CounterModule#Counter.json
│   │   │   ├── build-info
│   │   │   │   └── solc-0_8_28-5d5e77a08f43f8366c520176a292b83d65132357.json
│   │   │   └── journal.jsonl
│   │   ├── chain-11155111
│   │   │   ├── artifacts
│   │   │   │   └── CounterModule#Counter.json
│   │   │   ├── build-info
│   │   │   │   └── solc-0_8_28-5d5e77a08f43f8366c520176a292b83d65132357.json
│   │   │   ├── deployed_addresses.json
│   │   │   └── journal.jsonl
│   │   └── chain-31337
│   │       ├── artifacts
│   │       │   └── CounterModule#Counter.json
│   │       ├── build-info
│   │       │   └── solc-0_8_28-5d5e77a08f43f8366c520176a292b83d65132357.json
│   │       ├── deployed_addresses.json
│   │       └── journal.jsonl
│   └── modules
│       └── Counter.ts
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── README.md
├── test
│   └── Counter.ts
└── tsconfig.json

项目创建

mkdir hardhat-tutorial
cd hardhat-tutorial
npx hardhat --init

编写智能合约

contracts/Counter.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.28;

contract Counter {
  uint public x;

  event Increment(uint by);

  function inc() public {
    x += 1; 
    emit Increment(1);
  }

  function incBy(uint by) public {
    require(by > 0, "incBy: increment should be positive");
    x += by;
    emit Increment(by);
  }
}
// Random number to make this contract file unique: 185640209

♾️ 编译项目

npx hardhat build

测试编写

contracts/Counter.t.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.28;

import { Counter } from "./Counter.sol";

contract CounterTest {
  Counter counter;

  function setUp() public {
    counter = new Counter();
  }

  function test_InitialValueIsZero() public view {
    require(counter.x() == 0, "x should start at 0");
  }

  function test_IncIncreasesByOne() public {
    counter.inc();
    require(counter.x() == 1, "inc should increase x by 1");
  }

  function test_IncByIncreasesByGivenAmount() public {
    counter.incBy(3);
    require(counter.x() == 3, "incBy should increase x by the given amount");
  }
}

🧪 测试

npx hardhat test
npx hardhat test solidity

使用 Hardhat

👷 安装

npm add --save-dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-viem @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition viem

➕ 添加到 Hardhat 配置

hardhat.config.ts

import hardhatToolboxViemPlugin from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-viem";
import { defineConfig } from "hardhat/config";

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [hardhatToolboxViemPlugin],
  solidity: {
    version: "0.8.28",
  },
});

编写测试

test/Counter.ts

import assert from "node:assert/strict";
import { describe, it } from "node:test";

import { network } from "hardhat";

describe("Counter", async function () {
  const { viem } = await network.connect();
  const publicClient = await viem.getPublicClient();

  it("The sum of the Increment events should match the current value", async function () {
    const counter = await viem.deployContract("Counter");
    const deploymentBlockNumber = await publicClient.getBlockNumber();

    // run a series of increments
    for (let i = 1n; i  {
  // module implementation goes here
});

计数器部署示例

{
  const counter = m.contract("Counter");

  m.call(counter, "incBy", [5n]);

  return { counter };
}

🧪 本地尝试

npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/Counter.ts

🚀 运行本地区块链网络

npx hardhat node

🚀 本地部署合约

npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/Counter.ts --network localhost

部署到实时网络

前置条件

• 创建一个 Alchemy 账户。

• 创建一个 MetaMask 账户。

• 安装 dotenv：

  npm install dotenv

📄 配置 (hardhat.config.ts)

import hardhatToolboxViemPlugin from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-viem";

import { defineConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import dotenv from "dotenv";

dotenv.config();

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [hardhatToolboxViemPlugin],
  solidity: {
    version: "0.8.28",
  },
  networks: {
    sepolia: {
      type: "http",
      url: process.env.SEPOLIA_RPC_URL || "",
      accounts: process.env.SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY ? [process.env.SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY] : [],
    },
  },
});

🏃‍♂️ 部署到 Sepolia

npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/Counter.ts --network sepolia