Jenkins 为我运行命令

Source: Dev.to

Jenkins 之前

• 工程师手动运行命令
• 忘记步骤
• 出错
• 无法可靠地重复

使用 Jenkins 后

• 命令只写一次
• Jenkins 每次以相同方式运行它们
• 任何人都可以点击 Build Now

🛠 任务规则（重要）

• ❌ 不要复制‑粘贴
• ✅ 学生必须逐行输入
• ✅ 每输入一行后，解释它的作用

🧩 步骤 1：创建 Freestyle Job

1. 打开 Jenkins
2. 点击 New Item
3. Job name: devops-first-script
4. 选择 Freestyle project
5. 点击 OK

🧩 步骤 2：添加 Shell 构建步骤

1. 滚动到 Build
2. 点击 Add build step
3. 选择 Execute shell

✍️ 步骤 3：逐行编写以下脚本

# Line 1: simple output
echo "Hello from Jenkins"
# echo prints text – proves Jenkins can execute commands

# Validation: who am I?
whoami
# Shows which user Jenkins runs as – important for permissions

# Show current directory
pwd
# Shows where Jenkins runs (workspace), not your home folder

# List workspace contents
ls
# Workspace starts empty – useful before cloning repos

# Create a file
echo "This file was created by Jenkins" > jenkins.txt
# Demonstrates that Jenkins can create artifacts

# Display the file
cat jenkins.txt
# Confirms the file exists and its content

# Final log message
echo "Script completed successfully"

• Explanation: Each command is typed to illustrate basic shell operations, verify the Jenkins environment, and produce an artifact (jenkins.txt). The final echo provides a clear log marker for successful completion.

1. 点击 Save
2. 点击 Build Now
3. 打开 Console Output 查看结果

✅ 应该看到的内容

• 打印的文本（Hello from Jenkins）
• 用户名（whoami 的输出）
• Jenkins 工作区路径（pwd 的输出）
• 确认已创建 jenkins.txt
• 文件内容显示（cat jenkins.txt）

概念

必须的失败示例

exit 1

• Question: “What do you think will happen?”
• Result: The build turns RED. Jenkins stops; no further steps run.
• Explanation: exit 1 signals failure. Jenkins trusts exit codes, which is why failing code can block deployments. This illustrates the principle: Jenkins is “stupid but honest.” It reflects real‑world DevOps behavior.