使用 Arcade Library 入门 2D 游戏（第9部分）：显示得分

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显示得分

在本文中，我们将在屏幕上显示收集到的硬币数量作为得分。

1. 创建文本对象

在 main.py 中 GameView 类的构造函数里，准备一个数值型得分变量，并使用 arcade.Text() 创建一个文本对象。

将以下信息作为参数传入：

• 要显示的文本
• X / Y 坐标
• 文本颜色
• 字体大小
• X 锚点（使用文本的水平中心）
• Y 锚点（使用文本的顶部）

# main.py (excerpt)

# Score
self.score = 0
# Text object
self.score_text = arcade.Text(
    "SCORE: {}".format(self.score),
    self.w / 2, self.h - 20,
    arcade.color.BLACK,
    16,
    anchor_x="center",
    anchor_y="top"
)

2. 增加得分并更新文本

在 main.py 中 GameView 类的 on_update() 方法里，我们已经实现了碰撞检测。
此时同时增加得分并更新文本。如果玩家一次触碰到多个硬币，得分会相应增加。

# main.py (excerpt)

def on_update(self, delta_time):
    self.players.update(delta_time)
    self.coins.update(delta_time)

    # Player x coin list
    hit_coins = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
        self.player,
        self.coins
    )
    for coin in hit_coins:
        coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()
        # Add to score
        self.score += 1
        # Update the text of the text object
        self.score_text.text = "SCORE: {}".format(self.score)

3. 绘制文本

最后，在 main.py 中 GameView 类的 on_draw() 方法里绘制文本对象。
（这一步常常被意外忘记 😅）

# main.py (excerpt)

def on_draw(self):
    self.clear()               # Clear
    self.backgrounds.draw()
    self.players.draw()
    self.coins.draw()
    self.score_text.draw()      # Draw the text object

完整代码

下面是截至目前已实现全部功能的完整代码。
你可以直接复制并运行。

sprite.py (完整代码)

import arcade
import math

class BaseSprite(arcade.Sprite):

    def __init__(self, filename, x, y):
        super().__init__(filename)
        # Position
        self.center_x = x
        self.center_y = y
        # Velocity
        self.vx = 0
        self.vy = 0
        # Animation
        self.anim_counter = 0
        self.anim_interval = 4
        self.anim_index = 0
        self.anim = []

    def update(self, delta_time):
        """ Update """
        self.center_x += self.vx * delta_time
        self.center_y += self.vy * delta_time
        # Animation
        self.update_animation()

    def move(self, spd, deg):
        """ Move Sprite """
        rad = deg * math.pi / 180
        self.vx = spd * math.cos(rad)
        self.vy = spd * math.sin(rad)

    def stop(self):
        """ Stop Sprite """
        self.vx = 0
        self.vy = 0

    def update_animation(self):
        """ Animation """
        if not self.anim:
            return
        self.anim_counter += 1
        if self.anim_counter < self.anim_interval:
            return
        self.anim_counter = 0
        self.anim_index += 1
        if len(self.anim) <= self.anim_index:
            self.anim_index = 0
        self.texture = self.anim[self.anim_index]

class Player(BaseSprite):

    def __init__(self, filename, x, y):
        super().__init__(filename, x, y)

        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/ninja/front_01.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/ninja/front_02.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/ninja/front_03.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/ninja/front_04.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/ninja/front_05.png"))

class Coin(BaseSprite):

    def __init__(self, filename, x, y):
        super().__init__(filename, x, y)

        self.anim.append(ar

cade.load_texture("images/coin/coin_01.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/coin/coin_02.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/coin/coin_03.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/coin/coin_04.png"))
        self.anim.append(arcade.load_texture("images/coin/coin_05.png"))

main.py (complete code)

import arcade
import sprite
import random

class GameView(arcade.View):

    def __init__(self, window):
        super().__init__()
        self.window = window
        self.w = self.window.width
        self.h = self.window.height

        # Background color
        self.background_color = arcade.color.PAYNE_GREY

        # Background sprites
        self.backgrounds = arcade.SpriteList()
        bkg = arcade.Sprite("images/bg_temple.png")
        bkg.center_x = self.w / 2
        bkg.center_y = self.h / 2
        self.backgrounds.append(bkg)

        # Player sprite
        self.players = arcade.SpriteList()
        self.player = sprite.Player(
            "images/ninja/front_01.png",
            x=self.w / 2,
            y=self.h / 2
        )
        self.players.append(self.player)

        # Coin sprites
        self.coins = arcade.SpriteList()
        for i in range(10):
            x = random.random() * self.w
            y = random.random() * self.h
            coin = sprite.Coin(
                "images/coin/coin_01.png",
                x,
                y
            )
            self.coins.append(coin)

        # Score
        self.score = 0
        # Text object
        self.score_text = arcade.Text(
            "SCORE: {}".format(self.score),
            self.w / 2,
            self.h - 20,
            arcade.color.BLACK,
            16,
            anchor_x="center",
            anchor_y="top"
        )

    def on_show(self):
        arcade.set_background_color(self.background_color)

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.backgrounds.draw()
        self.players.draw()
        self.coins.draw()
        self.score_text.draw()

    def on_update(self, delta_time):
        self.players.update(delta_time)
        self.coins.update(delta_time)

        # Player x coin list
        hit_coins = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
            self.player,
            self.coins
        )
        for coin in hit_coins:
            coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()
            # Add to score
            self.score += 1
            # Update the text of the text object
            self.score_text.text = "SCORE: {}".format(self.score)

    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
        # Example movement controls (optional)
        if key == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.player.move(200, 180)
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.player.move(200, 0)
        elif key == arcade.key.UP:
            self.player.move(200, 90)
        elif key == arcade.key.DOWN:
            self.player.move(200, 270)

    def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
        if key in (arcade.key.LEFT, arcade.key.RIGHT,
                   arcade.key.UP, arcade.key.DOWN):
            self.player.stop()

def main():
    window = arcade.Window(800, 600, "Coin Collector")
    game_view = GameView(window)
    window.show_view(game_view)
    arcade.run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

全屏控制

• 进入全屏模式
• 退出全屏模式

结果预览

下次…

感谢阅读！

下一个标题将是 “Playing Sound Effects”。

敬请期待 👍