사이버 보안 업계의 Insider Threat 문제는 배경 조사와는 무관하다

Source: Dev.to

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Insider Threats in Cybersecurity: A Systemic Problem

Two veteran cybersecurity professionals just pleaded guilty to participating in ransomware attacks against their own clients and employers. The irony is impossible to ignore: the very people we trust to defend against cybercriminals became cybercriminals themselves.

But before we rush to blame individual moral failures or inadequate background screening, we need to confront an uncomfortable truth about our industry: the cybersecurity field systematically creates the perfect conditions for insider threats, and our current approach to preventing them is fundamentally broken.

The Pattern

The details of these cases follow a depressingly familiar pattern:

1. Highly skilled professionals with legitimate access to powerful tools and sensitive systems decided to use that access for personal gain.
2. They weren’t caught by our vaunted security controls or behavioral analytics.
3. They weren’t stopped by ethics training or security clearances.
4. They simply decided one day that the other side of the keyboard looked more profitable.

This isn’t an anomaly; it’s a predictable outcome of how we’ve structured this industry.

Why Cybersecurity Professionals Are Prone to Insider Threats

• Unique pressures – We are simultaneously the most stressed and most empowered workforce in technology.
• Administrative access – We have access to systems containing millions of customer records.
• Deep knowledge of vulnerabilities – Finding them is our job.
• Culture of “breaking things” – Thinking like an attacker is a core competency, and it’s often encouraged.

Yet we act surprised when some of us actually become attackers.

The Real Problem

The conventional wisdom points to individual character flaws or insufficient vetting. The real problem is that we’ve built a profession that attracts exactly the personality traits that make insider threats dangerous, then systematically exposes those individuals to the tools and knowledge needed to cause maximum damage.

Why Traditional Counter‑Measures Miss the Mark

The fundamental flaw is treating insider threats as a hiring problem when it’s actually a systemic design problem.

Culture of Secrecy & Compartmentalization

Cybersecurity culture compounds these risks through its obsession with secrecy:

• Knowledge of vulnerabilities is strictly controlled.
• A small number of people have access to extraordinarily sensitive information with minimal oversight.

This secrecy serves a legitimate purpose in preventing external threats, but it creates blind spots for internal ones. When security teams operate in isolation, when threat intelligence is shared on a need‑to‑know basis, and when incident‑response procedures are closely guarded secrets, we create perfect conditions for insider abuse.

Irony: Many organizations have better visibility into their external attack surface than their internal secu

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rity operations. They can list every CVE in their environment but can’t easily identify which employees have the technical capability to cause the most damage.

How Other High‑Trust Professions Mitigate Risk

In cybersecurity, we routinely give individuals root access to critical systems with nothing more than logging that nobody reviews until something goes wrong.

The Paradox of Talent

• The field actively selects for personality traits and skill sets that increase insider‑threat risk: creative problem‑solving, independent work, minimal supervision.
• These are exactly the characteristics that make someone dangerous if their loyalties shift.

This isn’t an argument for hiring worse security professionals. It’s an argument for recognizing that the skills we need inherently create risk, and we need to design our systems and processes accordingly.

Paradox: The better someone is at their job, the more dangerous they become as a potential insider threat. Traditional risk‑management assumes you can separate “good” employees from “bad” ones through screening and monitoring. In cybersecurity, that assumption breaks down because the technical capabilities required for the job are indistinguishable from those needed for malicious activity.

A New Direction

The solution isn’t better background checks or more intensive monitoring of employee behavior. It’s designing technical architectures that assume some insiders will eventually go rogue and building controls that limit the damage any single individual can cause.

• Implement true zero‑trust architectures internally, not just at the network perimeter.
• Require genuine multi‑person authorization for sensitive operations, not just sign‑offs on policy documents.
• Create technical controls that make insider threats difficult to execute and impossible to hide.

Some organizations are already moving in this direction:

• Just‑in‑time access that requires approval for every administrative action.
• Immutable logging systems that can’t be modified by the people being logged.
• Separation of sensitive operations across multiple people and systems so no individual has end‑to‑end capability to cause damage.

The key insight is treating insider threats as an engineering problem rather than a human‑resources problem. Instead of trying to identify who might go rogue, assume someone eventually will and make sure they can’t succeed.

Rethinking the Profession

The cybersecurity industry must have an honest conversation about whether our current approach to staffing and organizing security teams creates more risk than it mitigates. We’ve built an entire profession around the idea that a small number of highly trusted individuals can be given extraordinary access and capabilities with minimal technical constraints.

That made sense when cybersecurity was a small, specialized field dealing with limited threats. Today, security teams have access to systems containing billions of dollars in assets and millions of personal records; the tools we use daily could shut down critical infrastructure. Continuing to rely primarily on trust and good intentions is reckless.

The recent guilty pleas should force us to confront these questions directly:

• How many more insider incidents will it take before we admit that our fundamental approach is flawed?
• How much damage are we willing to accept because we’re uncomfortable implementing technical controls that might slow down our own teams?

Real change will require admitting that some of our most fundamental practices are securi

ty theater designed to make us feel better rather than actually reduce risk. Ethics training that teaches the same principles these professionals already understand, background investigations that can’t predict future behavior, and monitoring systems that alert after the damage is done are insufficient.

The path forward requires accepting that insider threats are an inevitable consequence of how we’ve structured this field, then building technical safeguards that make such threats difficult to execute and impossible to hide. This means redesigning our tools, our processes, and potentially our entire approach to organizing security teams.

It won’t be comfortable. It will require security professionals to accept additional technical constraints on their own capabilities, slow down some operations, and create friction in others.

But the alternative is continuing to act surprised every time trusted defenders become attackers, then responding with the same ineffective measures that failed to prevent the last incident.

The cybersecurity industry’s insider‑threat problem isn’t about individual moral failures. It’s about systemic design failures. Until we’re willing to address the latter, we’ll keep seeing more of the former.

ty theater는 실제 위험을 감소시키기보다 우리를 기분 좋게 만들기 위해 설계되었습니다. 이미 이 전문가들이 이해하고 있는 원칙을 가르치는 윤리 교육, 미래 행동을 예측할 수 없는 배경 조사, 그리고 피해가 발생한 후에 알리는 모니터링 시스템은 충분하지 않습니다.

앞으로 나아가는 길은 내부 위협이 우리가 이 분야를 구조화한 방식의 불가피한 결과임을 받아들이고, 그러한 위협을 실행하기 어렵게 하고 숨기게 만들 기술적 방어책을 구축하는 것입니다. 이는 우리의 도구, 프로세스, 그리고 잠재적으로 보안 팀을 조직하는 전체 접근 방식을 재설계하는 것을 의미합니다.

이는 편안하지 않을 것입니다. 보안 전문가들이 자신의 역량에 추가적인 기술적 제약을 받아들이고, 일부 작업을 늦추며, 다른 작업에서는 마찰을 일으키는 것을 요구할 것입니다.

하지만 대안은 신뢰받는 방어자가 공격자로 변할 때마다 계속 놀라워하고, 마지막 사건을 방지하지 못한 동일한 비효과적인 조치로 대응하는 것입니다.

사이버보안 산업의 내부 위협 문제는 개인의 도덕적 실패에 관한 것이 아니라 시스템적 설계 실패에 관한 것입니다. 후자를 해결하려는 의지가 없으면 전자를 더 많이 보게 될 것입니다.