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GraphQL, React, Express와 함께 현대적인 풀스택 애플리케이션 구축

발행: (2025년 12월 19일 오후 08:40 GMT+9)
6 min read
원문: Dev.to

Source: Dev.to

Why Choose GraphQL, React, and Express

Building a full‑stack application with GraphQL, React, and Express offers several practical advantages:

  • Efficient data fetching – Unlike traditional REST APIs that often return more data than needed, GraphQL lets the client request exactly the fields it requires, resulting in faster load times and a snappier user experience.
  • Component‑driven UI – React’s component‑based architecture promotes code reuse, speeds up development, and simplifies maintenance. Its rich ecosystem provides a wide range of tools and libraries for extending functionality.
  • Lightweight server framework – Express is a minimalist Node.js framework that streamlines API and server‑side logic development. It remains efficient and flexible as the application grows.
  • Seamless integration – GraphQL serves as the bridge between the React frontend and the Express backend, enabling predictable data flow, reducing bugs, and accelerating time‑to‑market.
  • Real‑time capabilities – GraphQL subscriptions support live updates such as chat messages or notifications, keeping the app responsive and engaging.
  • Scalability – The combination of efficient queries, reusable UI components, and a solid backend foundation makes it easier to scale the application as business needs evolve.

Building the Application

1. Set Up the Backend (Node.js + Express)

  1. Initialize a Node.js project

    npm init -y
npm install express

  2. Create an Express server (e.g., server.js)

    const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 4000;

app.use(express.json());

// Example route
app.post('/login', (req, res) => {
  // handle login
});

app.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`));

  3. Connect to a database – Choose MongoDB, PostgreSQL, or another datastore and configure the connection using the appropriate driver or ORM.
    데이터베이스 연결 – MongoDB, PostgreSQL 또는 다른 데이터스토어를 선택하고 적절한 드라이버 또는 ORM을 사용해 연결을 설정합니다.

  4. Add GraphQL

    npm install graphql express-graphql

    Define a schema and resolvers that map to your data models, then mount the GraphQL middleware:
    스키마와 리졸버를 정의하여 데이터 모델에 매핑한 뒤 GraphQL 미들웨어를 마운트합니다:

    const { graphqlHTTP } = require('express-graphql');
const schema = require('./schema');

app.use('/graphql', graphqlHTTP({
  schema,
  graphiql: true, // enable GraphiQL UI for development
}));

2. Set Up the Frontend (React)

  1. Create a React project

    npx create-react-app client
cd client

  2. Install Apollo Client for GraphQL communication:

    npm install @apollo/client graphql

  3. Configure Apollo Provider (e.g., in src/index.js):

    import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/client';
import App from './App';

const client = new ApolloClient({
  uri: 'http://localhost:4000/graphql',
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

ReactDOM.render(
  
    
  ,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

  4. Build reusable components – Break the UI into pieces such as Header, Sidebar, ContentList, etc., and compose them in your pages.
    재사용 가능한 컴포넌트 구축 – Header, Sidebar, ContentList 등으로 UI를 나누고 페이지에서 조합합니다.

  5. Fetch data with GraphQL queries – Use the useQuery hook from Apollo to retrieve data:

    import { useQuery, gql } from '@apollo/client';

const GET_USERS = gql`
  query GetUsers {
    users {
      id
      name
      email
    }
  }
`;

function UserList() {
  const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_USERS);
  // render UI based on query state
}

3. Connect Frontend and Backend

  • Schema alignment – Ensure the GraphQL schema on the server reflects the data structures needed by the React components.
    스키마 정렬 – 서버의 GraphQL 스키마가 React 컴포넌트에서 필요한 데이터 구조를 반영하도록 합니다.
  • Resolvers – Implement server‑side resolvers that fetch data from the database and return it in the shape defined by the schema.
    리졸버 – 데이터베이스에서 데이터를 가져와 스키마에 정의된 형태로 반환하는 서버 측 리졸버를 구현합니다.
  • Mutations – Create GraphQL mutations for creating, updating, or deleting records, and invoke them from the frontend using Apollo’s useMutation hook.
    뮤테이션 – 레코드 생성, 업데이트, 삭제를 위한 GraphQL 뮤테이션을 만들고, 프론트엔드에서는 Apollo의 useMutation 훅으로 호출합니다.
  • Subscriptions (optional) – Set up GraphQL subscriptions on the server (e.g., with graphql-ws or subscriptions-transport-ws) and subscribe from the client to receive real‑time updates.
    구독 (선택 사항) – 서버에 GraphQL 구독을 설정(graphql-ws 또는 subscriptions-transport-ws 등)하고 클라이언트에서 실시간 업데이트를 받도록 구독합니다.

4. Test and Deploy

  1. Automated testing – Use tools like Jest and React Testing Library for frontend tests, and Mocha or Jest for backend unit/integration tests.
    자동화 테스트 – 프론트엔드 테스트는 Jest와 React Testing Library, 백엔드 유닛/통합 테스트는 Mocha 또는 Jest를 사용합니다.
  2. Continuous integration – Configure CI

rizontally (multiple Node.js instances behind a load balancer) and use a managed database service that can handle increased traffic.

  • User feedback loop – Collect analytics and user feedback to guide iterative improvements.

Source: … (keep the source link unchanged)

수평적으로 (로드 밸런서 뒤에 여러 Node.js 인스턴스) 배포하고, 증가된 트래픽을 처리할 수 있는 관리형 데이터베이스 서비스를 사용하십시오.

  • User feedback loop – 분석 및 사용자 피드백을 수집하여 반복적인 개선을 안내합니다.

결론

현대적인 풀스택 애플리케이션에 GraphQL, React, Express를 선택하면 빠른 속도, 유연성, 그리고 활발한 생태계가 뒷받침하는 확장성을 제공합니다. 가벼운 Express 서버 설정, GraphQL 스키마 정의, 컴포넌트 기반 React UI 구축, 그리고 Apollo와의 통합이라는 단계들을 따라가면 비즈니스 요구에 맞춰 성장하는 성능 좋은 실시간 디지털 제품을 제공할 수 있습니다.

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